Molecular characterization of Proteus mirabilis virulence factors isolated from patients with otitis media in Diwaniyah, Iraq
Keywords:
Keywords: Proteus mirabilis, ureC, PCR, DNA sequencer
Abstract
The current study's goal was to identify virulence factors (genes) in P. mirabilis. A total of 25/100 (25%) Proteus mirabilis were obtained from patients with otitis media and identified using culture and biochemical characteristics, and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR technique was used to detect the 16S rRNA gene and all virulence factors, including the ureC gene, which encodes urease synthesis, the flaA gene, which encodes flagella and fimbriae production, the hpmA gene, which encodes hemolysin production, and the zapA gene, which encodes protease. The results revealed that Proteus mirabilis isolates have 100% of the 16S rRNA gene, 100% of the ureC gene, 95% of the flaA gene, 95% of the hpmA gene, and 100% of the zapA gene.
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References
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3. Rafeeq M. Isolation and drug susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in Saudi diabetic and non-diabetic patients with urinary tract infection. Bioinformation. 2022; 18(8): 710-717. doi:10.6026/97320630018710
4. Kumar S, Anwer R, Sehrawat A, Sehrawat N, Yadav M, Sharma AK. Isolation and characterization of pathogenic bacteria from drinking water in North India. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2022; 19(12): 12605-12610. doi:org/10.1007/s13762-021-03774-5
5. Norsworthy AN, Pearson MM. From catheter to kidney stone: the uropathogenic lifestyle of Proteus mirabilis. Trends in microbiology. 2017;25(4): 304-315. doi:org/10.1016/j.tim.2016.11.015
6. Yuan F, Huang Z, Yang T, Wang G, Li P, Yang B, Li J. Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis in catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Urologia Internationalis. 2021;105(5-6): 354-361. doi:org/10.1159/000514097
7. Chauhan A, Jindal T. Biochemical and molecular methods for bacterial identification. In Microbiological Methods for Environment, Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2020: 425-468. doi:org/10.1007/978-3-030-52024-3_10
8. Jiang W, Ubhayasekera W, Pearson MM, Knight SD. Structures of two fimbrial adhesins, AtfE and UcaD, from the uropathogen Proteus mirabilis. Acta Crystallographica Section D: Structural Biology. 2018;74(11): 1053-1062. doi:org/10.1107/S2059798318012391
9. Jacobsen SÁ, Stickler DJ, Mobley HLT, Shirtliff ME. Complicated catheter-associated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2011; 21(1): 26-59. doi:org/10.1128/CMR.00019-07.
10. Levinson W. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 14th ed. McGraw-Hill education, Inc.2016: pp 821.
11. Tatusova T, DiCuccio M, Badretdin A, Chetvernin V, Nawrocki EP, Zaslavsky L, Ostell J. NCBI prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline. Nucleic acids research. 2016; 44(14): 6614-6624. doi:org/10.1093/nar/gkw569
12. Adams MD, Goglin K, Molyneaux N, Hujer KM, Lavender H, Jamison JJ, Gill SR. Comparative genome sequence analysis of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Journal of bacteriology. 2008;190(24): 8053-8064. doi:org/10.1128/JB.00834-08
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14. Umpiérrez A, Scavone P, Romanin D, Marqués JM, Chabalgoity JA, Rumbo M, Zunino P. Innate immune responses to Proteus mirabilis flagellin in the urinary tract. Microbes and Infection. 2013;15(10-11): 688-696. doi:org/10.1016/j.micinf.2013.06.007
15. Schaffer JN, Pearson MM. Proteus mirabilis and urinary tract infections. Urinary Tract Infections: Molecular Pathogenesis and Clinical Management. 2017: 383-433. doi:org/10.1128/9781555817404.ch17
16. Talebi A, Momtaz H, Tajbakhsh E. Frequency distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in uropathogenic Proteus species isolated from clinical samples. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2023. doi:org/10.1093/lambio/ovac043
17. Al-obaidi SA, Al-Hashimy AB. Molecular Detection of (Urec, Mrpa, Hpma) Genes in Proteus mirabilis Bacteria Isolated From Patients with Urinary Tract Infection. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2023; 90(1): 716-720. doi:10.21608/ejhm.2023.279843
18. Chung WC, Chen LL, Lo WS, Kuo PA, Tu J, Kuo CH. Complete genome sequence of Serratia marcescens WW4. Genome Announc. 2023;1: e0012613. doi:org/10.1128/genomeA.00126-13
19. Surayya R, Purnami N, Handoko E. Microbiological profile with antibiotic sensitivity pattern for chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary hospital, Indonesia. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(4): 1683-1688. doi:org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00282
20. Tal N, Millman A, Stokar-Avihail A, Fedorenko T, Leavitt A, Melamed S, Sorek R. Bacteria deplete deoxynucleotides to defend against bacteriophage infection. Nature microbiology. 2022; 7(8): 1200-1209. doi:org/10.1038/s41564-022-01158-0
21. Abdullah PB, Khalid HM, Mero WM. Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis isolated from different clinical specimens in Zakho city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2022;34(5):198-207. doi:org/10.21271/ZJPAS.34.5.18
Published
2023-02-15
How to Cite
Abbas Mayar Hezam. (2023). Molecular characterization of Proteus mirabilis virulence factors isolated from patients with otitis media in Diwaniyah, Iraq. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science, 26(5), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2021.26.5.1605
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